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Islam in Romania is followed by only 0.3 percent of population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries (ca. 1420-1878). In present-day Romania, most adherents to Islam belong to the Tatar and Turkish ethnic communities and follow the Sunni doctrine. The Islamic religion is one of the 16 rites awarded state recognition. According to tradition, Islam was first established locally around Sufi leader Sari Saltik during the Byzantine epoch. The Islamic presence in Northern Dobruja was expanded by Ottoman overseeing and successive immigration, but has been in steady decline since the late 19th century. In Wallachia and Moldavia, the two Danubian Principalities, the era of Ottoman suzerainty was not accompanied by a growth in the number of Muslims, whose presence there was always marginal. Also linked to the Ottoman Empire, groups of Islamic colonists in other parts of present-day Romania were relocated by the Habsburg expansion or by various other political changes. After Northern Dobruja became part of Romania following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the community preserved its self-determining status. This changed during the communist regime, when Romanian Muslims were subject to a measure of supervision by the state, but the group again emancipated itself after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. Its interests are represented by the Muftiyat (''Muftiyatul Cultului Musulman din România''), which was created as the reunion of two separate such institutions. ==Demographics and organization== According to the 2002 census, 67,566 people, approx. 0.3% of the total population, indicated that their religion was Islam.〔 (''Recensământ 2002. Rezultate: Populația după religie'' ) at the (2002 Census official site ). Retrieved February 26, 2008.〕 The vast majority of Romania's believers in Islam are Sunnis who adhere to the Hanafi school. Ethnically, they are mostly Tatars (Crimean Tatars and a number of Nogais), followed by Turks, as well as Muslim Roma (as much as 15,000 people in one estimate),〔Ana Oprișan, George Grigore, ("The Muslim Gypsies in Romania" ), in International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) Newsletter 8, September 2001, p.32. Retrieved June 2, 2007.〕 Albanians (as many as 3,000),〔George Grigore, ("Muslims in Romania" ), in International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) Newsletter 3, July 1999, p.34. Retrieved June 2, 2007.〕 and groups of Middle Eastern immigrants. Members of the Muslim community inside the Roma minority are colloquially known as "Turkish Romani".〔 Traditionally, they are less religious than people belonging to other Islamic communities, and their culture mixes Islamic customs with Roma social norms.〔 Ninety-seven percent of the Romanian Muslims are residents of the two counties forming Northern Dobruja: eighty-five percent live in Constanța County, and twelve percent in Tulcea County.〔 Adina Șuteu, ("Europa merge pe sârmă între islamizare și radicalizare" ), in ''Adevărul'', January 24, 2008〕 The rest mainly inhabit urban centers such as Bucharest, Brăila, Călărași, Galați, Giurgiu, and Drobeta-Turnu Severin.〔 (''Cultul musulman'' ), at the Romanian Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs' (State Secretariat for Religious Affairs ). Retrieved February 28, 2008.〕 In all, Romania has as many as eighty mosques,〔 or, according to records kept by the Romanian Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, seventy-seven.〔 The city of Constanța, with its Carol I Mosque and the location of the Muftiyat, is the center of Romanian Islam; Mangalia, near Constanța, is the site of a monumental mosque, built in 1525 (''see Mangalia Mosque'').〔〔〔Thede Kahl, "Die muslimische Gemeinschaft Rumäniens. Der Weg einer Elite zur marginalisierten Minderheit", in ''Europa Regional'', 3-4/2005, Leipzig, p.94-101〕 The two mosques are state-recognized historical monuments, as are the ones in Hârșova, Amzacea, Babadag and Tulcea, together with the Babadag tombs of two popularly revered Sufi ''sheikhs''—the supposed tomb of ''dervish'' Sari Saltik and that of Gazi Ali Pașa.〔 There are also 108 Islamic cemeteries in Romania.〔 The nationwide Islamic community is internally divided into 50 local groups of Muslims, each of whom elects its own leadership committee.〔 Members provide funding for the religious institution, which is supplemented by state donations and subsidies, as well by assistance from international Islamic organizations.〔 The Muslim clergy in Romania includes ''imams'', ''imam-hatips'', and ''muezzins''.〔 As of 2008, the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs recognizes 35 ''imams''.〔 The Constanța Mufti, who is the community's main representative, is elected by a secret ballot from among the ''imams''.〔 He is assisted by a synodal body, the ''Sura Islam'', which comprises 23 members and offers advice on matters of administration and discipline.〔 The current Mufti is Murat Iusuf.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islam in Romania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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